Julvelin® is an an oral therapy for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2. The pharmacology of its principal ingredients are.

Julvelin® is an an oral therapy for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2. The product is a dietary supplement made of botanical standardized ingredients. Julvelin® is an anti diabetic hypoglycemic.

Reduction of blood glucose and improvement of glucose tolerance are the mechanisms by which the plant exerts its actions.

The pharmacology of its principal ingredients are.

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Antioxidant Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Significantly Improves Symptoms of Diabetic Neuropathy. A collaborative study between Mayo Clinic and a medical center in Russia found that alpha lipoic acid (ALA) significantly and rapidly reduces the frequency and severity of symptoms of the most common kind of diabetic neuropathy. Symptoms decreased include burning and sharply cutting pain, prickling sensations and numbness.
"There appears to be a rather large effect on the pain of diabetic neuropathy with ALA," says Peter Dyck, M.D., Mayo Clinic neurologist and peripheral nerve specialist. "The magnitude of the change is considerable. We also found some improvement in neurologic signs and nerve conduction. We were surprised by the magnitude and the rapidity of the response." When patients were given ALA, also known as thioctic acid, the researchers found statistically significant improvement in the symptoms of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) damage to multiple nerves caused by diabetes. The researchers measured improvement by a total symptom score, a summation of the presence, severity and duration of burning and sharply cutting pain, prickling sensations and numbness. The patients who took ALA saw a 5.7-point total symptom score improvement from the start of the trial, while those who took placebo, an inactive substance, only improved 1.8 points. ALA produced no unfavorable side effects in the patients taking this substance. "It's very safe," says Dr. Dyck. "There have been no known complications."

The findings appear in the March 2003 issue of Diabetes Care, http://care.diabetesjournals.org/.

Bitter Melon

Chemical constituents from whole plants, fruits, and seeds of bitter melon have been isolated and described. Specifically, bitter melon contains the glycosides mormordin and charantin. Charantin is a hypoglycemic agent composed of mixed steroids. A pyrimidine glycoside has also been found. The alkaloid mormordicine is also present, along with a fixed oil. 1 Leaves contain iron, sodium, and vitamins including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and ascorbic acid. An insulin-like, hypoglycemic peptide “polypeptide-P” is present in bitter melon. This has been isolated from the fruit, seeds, and tissue of the plant and has a molecular weight of 11,000.

An overview of specific anti diabetic constituents in bitter melon is available. Bitter melon seeds contain 32% oil, with stearic, linoleic, and oleic acids. The seeds also contain the pyrimidine nucleoside vicine, the glycoproteins alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin (abortifacients) and lectins. Amino acid composition in seeds is described as well. Insulin-like molecules also have been found in the seeds.

Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States.

Bitter Mellon treatment resulted in increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, increased GLUT4 translocation in L6 cells in a phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase–independent manner, and reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that berberine displays beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes and obesity at least in part via stimulation of AMPK activity.

Bitter Mellon a Natural Plant Product, Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase With Beneficial Metabolic Effects in Diabetic and Insulin-Resistant States

Mechanisms for hypoglycemic effects include extrapancreatic actions such as increased glucose uptake by tissues, glycogen synthesis in liver and muscles, triglyceride production in adipose tissue, and gluconeogenesis.

Gymnema

Gymnema leaves increases insulin levels by regeneration of the cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin. Other clinical research has shown that gymnema also improves uptake of glucose into cells by increasing the activity of the glucose utilizing enzymes, and prevents adrenaline from stimulating the liver to produce glucose, thereby reducing blood sugar levels.

Gymnema has the ability to lower blood sugar levels, improve the body’s ability to metabolize and respond to insulin and regenerate the pancreas, although results depend on how advanced the condition is the extent to which medical management and monitoring is essential. Gymnema decreases insulin needs by 45-75% and helps lower blood sugar and triglycerides. Further, gymnema reduces craving for sugar and blocks the ability to taste sweets for 3 hours, although it does not completely destroy all sense of taste. In type II diabetes, gymnema improves insulin’s effects and can even substitute for oral sugar-lowering drugs

Gymnema

Gymnemic acids, a group of triterpenoid saponins, are the main class of chemical constituents isolated from G. sylvestre . The quantity of gymnemic acids extracted from the leaves varies according to the location of cultivation and the time of harvesting; concentrations varying between 0.67% and 1.06% have been reported. Multiple gymnemic acid congeners have been identified. Gymnemic acids Ι-VΙ were isolated and characterized from aqueous leaf extracts and gymnemic acids XV-XVΙΙΙ from the saponin fraction of the leaves. Gymnemic acids VΙΙΙ-XΙΙ have been elucidated as glucosideuronic acid derivatives of gymnemagenin. 5 Gymnemic acids are thought to be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of G. sylvestre ; gymnemic acid VΙΙΙ was the major component of an extract shown to stimulate insulin release from the pancreas. 6 Also present in gymnema extracts are gymnemasaponins Ι-V, a group of antisweet principles with a novel D-glucoside structure. The structure of gurmarin, another antisweet agent found in gymnema, has been elucidated as a polypeptide comprising 35 amino acid residues. 7 Gymnemosides A-F have been isolated from alcoholic extracts of the leaves of G. sylvestre ; the structure of gymnemosides A and B have been elucidated. 8 Other constituents include gymnemanol, gymnemasins, gymnemasides, gypenoside, and conduritol, 6 an agent with antidiabetic properties.